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5.1 The presence and concentration of various metallic elements in a petroleum coke are major factors in the suitability of the coke for various uses. This test method provides a means of measuring the amounts of those metallic elements in the coke sample.5.2 The concentration of these elements is one factor in determining the economic value of the coke. Coke used for production of electrodes will have different specification requirements dependent on what service the electrodes will be used in. Generally the fuel cokes are highest in metallic element concentration and have the least economic value.5.3 The test method provides a standard procedure for use by the purchaser and seller in the commercial transfer of petroleum coke to determine whether the lot of coke meets the specifications of the purchasing party.1.1 This test method covers the analysis for the commonly determined trace metals (aluminum, calcium, iron, nickel, silicon, sodium, and vanadium) in laboratory analysis samples of raw and calcined petroleum coke by atomic absorption spectroscopy.1.2 The elemental concentration ranges for which this test method is applicable and the limits of detection of this test method are listed in Table 1.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For warning statements, see Sections 9 – 11.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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5.1 These procedures provide an indication of the environmental stress-crack resistance of plastic tight-head drums. This test method may be used for determining the applicability of various plastic resins, mold designs, processing techniques, and parameters for plastic tight-head drums.5.2 Environmental stress cracking is indicative of what results when a container is exposed to chemical agents such as soaps, organics, bleaches, or any surface-active solutions while under conditions of stress.5.3 Environmental stress cracking is a mechanism of chemical attack that is highly dependent upon the test reagent, resin, container manufacturing or processing history, exposure temperature, applied stress, and other factors. The combination of these factors may result in eventual stress crack failure.5.4 Both procedures minimize the potential for test variability by providing the user with rigidly defined test conditions. This test method may be used as design qualification and auditing tools for plastic tight-head drums.5.5 This test method is not meant to provide a quantitative value of measurement (that is, number of days to failure). It is intended only as a pass/fail procedure in accordance with user’s specifications, or as agreed upon between the user and supplier. It is not intended as a predictor or indicator of field performance regarding time to failure.1.1 This test method provides an indication of the environmental stress crack resistance of plastic tight-head drums as a summation of the effects of container design, resin, manufacturing conditions, field performance, and other factors.1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate a plastic drum's resistance to failure by cracking when in the presence of chemical and physical stresses.1.3 Two procedures are provided as follows:1.3.1 Procedure A—Internal pressure stress crack resistance method to nonyl phenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol solution, a stress cracking reagent. The internal pressure is controlled at a constant elevated pressure and temperature.1.3.2 Procedure B—Top-load stress crack resistance method to nonyl phenoxypoly ethanol, a stress cracking reagent. The compressive top-load is controlled at a constant weight while maintaining an elevated temperature.1.4 Although these procedures are not designed to test the ability of the closure or closure gasket material to retain the test reagent, the inclusion of closure failure as a container failure mode is optional. However, leakage through a closure may affect the internal pressure that could affect the test results.1.5 This test method does not attempt to address all factors that could lead to stress cracking of plastic drums. The user of this standard may use other test parameters, such as top-loads, chemical reagents, etc., as agreed upon between the user and supplier in the event of a drum qualification or purchase agreement.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.2.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 The vapor pressure parameters of volatile motor fuels are regulated by federal and state air pollution control agencies. In order to meet the letter of these regulations, it is necessary to sample, handle, and test these products in the precise manner as prescribed in this practice.NOTE 1: This practice is not limited to dry vapor pressure equivalent testing for volatility. Dry vapor pressure equivalent is used to define the range for the sample matrix.1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment for obtaining, mixing, and handling representative samples of volatile fuels for the purpose of testing for compliance with the standards set forth for volatility related measurements applicable to light fuels.1.2 The applicable dry vapor pressure equivalent range of this practice is 13 kPa to 110 kPa (2 psia to 16 psia).1.3 This practice is applicable to the sampling, mixing, and handling of reformulated fuels including those containing oxygenates. This practice is not applicable to crude oil. For the sampling of crude oil, refer to Practice D4057/API MPMS Chapter 8.1, Practice D4177/API MPMS Chapter 8.2, and Practice D8009/API MPMS Chapter 8.5.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except in some cases where drawings may show inch-pound measurements, which are customary for that equipment.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1 The amount of rusting beneath or through a paint film is a significant factor in determining whether a coating system should be repaired or replaced. This practice provides a standardized means for quantifying the amount and distribution of visible surface rust.3.2 The degree of rusting is evaluated using a zero to ten scale based on the percentage of visible surface rust.3.3 The distribution of the rust is classified as spot rust, general rust, pinpoint rust or hybrid rust.1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of the degree of rusting on painted steel surfaces. The visual examples which depict the percentage of rusting given in the written specifications form part of the standard. In the event of a dispute, the written definition prevails. These visual examples were developed in cooperation with SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings to further standardization of methods. The photographs can be used to estimate the percentage of other coating defects on various substrates. This standard does not include evaluation of rust propagation around an initially prepared scribe, score, or holiday.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 This procedure measures the amount of hydrogen gas generation potential of aluminized emulsion roof coating. There is the possibility of water reacting with aluminum pigment to generate hydrogen gas. This situation is to be avoided, so this test was designed to evaluate coating formulations and assess the propensity to gassing.1.1 This test method covers a hydrogen gas and stability test for aluminum emulsified asphalt coatings.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 This test method is intended for testing dry and wet abrasion resistance of manufactured fiber yarns. This test method is useful for ropes intended for use in the marine environment and for knitted hoses for various applications. The test method has been used with yarns having linear densities ranging from 65 tex to 335 tex, but may be used with yarns outside these ranges.5.2 Yarn to yarn friction is known to have a significant influence on abrasion resistance. To determine the coefficient of friction, use Test Method D3412.5.3 Limited interlaboratory correlation testing has been conducted to date. Single-laboratory testing, in accordance with ASTM practices, has been conducted. Test results should be used with caution.5.4 This test method is intended to provide additional data for specific applications such as mentioned in 5.1 and is not intended for quality control or test reports.5.5 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum the test samples used should be as homogeneous as possible, be drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained and be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two or more laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to testing. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.6 This test method is conducted at one or several applied tensions that may depend upon the yarn material and size. The number and magnitudes of applied tensions and the number of eight specimen sets generally are agreed upon in a material specification or contract order. Guidance on determining the appropriate number and magnitudes of applied tensions is given in Annex A2.1.1 This test method describes the measurement of abrasion resistance properties for manufactured fiber yarns in dry and wet conditions.1.2 This test method applies to manufactured yarns used in rope and knitted hose making.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This specification covers the fabrication methods for the production of wood boxes. The wood boxes produced are classified into two classes according to durability, six styles according to cleat and joint structure, and two treatment types. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials using standard-compliant fasteners. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of wood boxes. These wood boxes, when constructed, filled and closed, shall be used for the packing of contents not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg].1.2 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1), the resulting boxes shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of the specified materials and procedures. An appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for conversion of units.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowest temperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocarbon crystals which, if present in the fuel system of the aircraft, can restrict the flow of fuel through filters. The temperature of the fuel in the aircraft tank normally decreases during flight depending on aircraft speed, altitude, and flight duration. The freezing point of the fuel shall always be lower than the minimum operational fuel temperature.5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the freezing point.5.3 This test method expresses results to the nearest 0.1 °C, and it eliminates most of the operator time and judgment required by Test Method D2386.5.4 When a specification requires Test Method D2386, do not substitute this test method or any other test method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form in aviation turbine fuels.1.2 This test method is designed to cover the temperature range of –80 °C to 20 °C; however, the interlaboratory study mentioned in 12.4 has only demonstrated the test method with fuels having freezing points in the range of –60 °C to –42 °C.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1Â The composition of a lubricating oil has a large effect on the characteristicsand uses of the oil. The determination of saturates, aromatics, and polars is a key analysis of this composition. The characterization of the composition of lubricating oils is important in determining their interchangeability for use in blending etcetera.1.1Â This test method covers the determination of total aromatics and total saturats in additive-free lube basestocks using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with refractive index (RI) detection. This test method is applicable to samples containing total saturates in the concentration range of 74.9 % to 100.0 % by mass and aromatics in the concentration range of 0.0 % to 25.1 % by mass. The precision is expressed in terms of the total saturates.1.1.1Â Polar comounds, if present, are combined with the total aromatics. Precision was determined for basestocks with polars content <1.0 % by mass.1.2Â This test method includes a relative bias section for total saturates in basestocks based n a Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D7419 and Test Method D2007. The derived correlation equation is only applicable for basestocks in the total saturates concentration range from 75.0 % to 100.0 % by mass as measured by Test Method D7419.1.2.1Â The applicable range for total saturates by Test Method D2007D2007.1.3Â The vlues stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4Â This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5Â This international standard was developed in accordnce with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 There are a large number of geomembrane types and seaming techniques. This guide is intended to help practitioners select the appropriate seam test methods for their material.4.2 Geomembranes are relatively impermeable planar materials sheets that are shipped either as rolls or folded panels. The panels may be seamed in a factory or in the field. This guide provides geomembrane users with the most appropriate seam evaluation techniques for the most common geomembrane materials available on the market.4.3 Some types of geomembrane may not be listed and some seam evaluation techniques may offer a good performance with a given material although this may not be indicated in Table 1. Users who are aware of this situation are invited to contact ASTM to propose an update of this guide.X = Applicable— = Not ApplicableO = May Be Applicable(A) This type of test not commonly performed on this type of material, but it can be performed if desired.(B) Only provides evaluation of seam continuity, but not seam strength.(C) May not be applicable to very flexible geomembranes, especially thinner ones, that will highly deform into the vacuum box.(D) There are some experiences with air lance on HDPE geomembrane seams for hole detection, although this is not common practice.(E) Typically applicable to materials that are 1.0 mm and thinner.(F) When applicable.(G) Applicable to dual track seam only.(H) Not applicable to extrusion fillet.(I) Applicable to factory seams only.(J) Refer to Guide D6747.(K) Electrical leak location surveys are useful to monitor the continuity of seams, as well as to survey the entire sheet after installation and, where applicable, while covered with earthen or liquid materials. They do not verify material or seam integrity.4.4 The relevance of a seaming technique within a particular engineering context is beyond the scope of this guide.1.1 This guide is intended for use as a summary of test methods necessary to evaluate geomembrane seams. It is intended to guide geomembrane users toward the appropriate evaluation techniques to assess geomembrane seam quality.1.2 Geomembrane seams covered by this guide are: high-density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE), flexible polypropylene (fPP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), prefabricated bituminous geomembranes (PBGM), ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA), and reinforced geomembranes1.3 Although a significant effort has been made to gather all types of geomembranes and related evaluation techniques which were on the market at the date of completion of this document, some available materials and technologies may have been omitted. The information presented in this document shall thus be considered to be non-exhaustive.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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