4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader. No other skills are included or implied.4.2 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader shall have met the requirements of this guide.4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals, organizations, and agencies having jurisdiction that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader.4.3.1 Though this guide establishes the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader, it does not imply that a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of an AHJ.4.3.2 Determining the requirements and qualifications for team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.4.3.3 The AHJ shall determine the depth or detail of training required to meet these needs.4.3.4 Nothing in this standard precludes an AHJ from requiring additional knowledge, skills, or abilities for its members.4.4 This guide can be used to evaluate a document or training program to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate as a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader.4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader.4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader or AHJ.4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics for training an Land Search and Rescue Team Leader. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.4.9 A Land Search and Rescue Team Leader shall document his or her training by completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision.4.10 Unless stated otherwise, an ability or proficiency in a skill shall be demonstrated for initial qualification and then as often as required by the AHJ.4.11 Except where a physical skill or ability must be demonstrated the AHJ shall determine the best way to evaluate a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or by some combination of the three.4.12 Additional skill set-specific endorsements may be used in conjunction with this document to train rescue personnel for other rescue disciplines.1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training requirements, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for personnel who lead land search and rescue teams.1.2 Land Search and Rescue Team Leaders direct search and rescue teams on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum training required for conducting rescues in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in mountainous terrain.1.4 Personnel trained to this guide alone are qualified to conduct or lead search and rescue operations on non-technical terrain.1.5 Personnel trained to this guide alone are not qualified to direct rope rescues. No knots, rope work, or high angle or low angle rescue skills are included in this guide.1.5.1 The minimum training required for rope rescue can be found in Guides F2752, F2954, and F2955.1.5.2 Personnel trained to this standard and having a Rope Rescuer Endorsement (Guides F2752, F2954, F2955) are qualified to supervise rope rescue teams of equal level or lower.1.6 A Land Search and Rescue Team Leader can be utilized as a team leader for land search or rescue teams, a single resource, or a support person for a canine search team.1.7 Land Search and Rescue Team Leaders are eligible to supervise Land Search, Land Rescue, Land Search and Rescue, and Untrained teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993 for non-wilderness and wilderness operations. In addition to meeting the requirements of this guide, Search and Rescue Team Leaders shall have the identified endorsement for the reason identified:1.7.1 Mountainous Terrain—Search and Rescue Team Leaders shall meet the requirements of Guides F3027 or F3028;1.7.2 Alpine Terrain—Search and Rescue Team Leaders shall meet the requirements of Guide F3028;1.7.3 Mountainous Operations—Search and Rescue Team Leaders shall meet the requirements of Guide F3175;1.7.4 ATV-ROHV Operations—Search and Rescue Team Leaders shall meet the requirements of Guide F3175;1.7.5 Rope Rescue Operations—Search and Rescue Team Leaders shall meet the requirements of Guides F2954 or F2955.1.8 Search and Rescue Team Leaders supervising Mounted Teams shall also meet the requirements of Guide F2794.1.9 Further training may be required before a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader can supervise a particular team, depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the authority having jurisdiction.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 If required by the authority having jurisdiction, pressurized gaseous testing media leak testing is conducted after installation to discover and correct or repair leaks or faults in a newly constructed or modified PA12 pressure piping system before placing the system in service. Leakage or faults most commonly occur at connections, joints, and mechanical seals where sealing under pressure is required.5.2 Safety is of paramount importance when conducting pressurized gaseous testing media leak tests because testing results include no leaks, leaks, sudden violent rupture, or catastrophic failure.5.3 Systems that contain lower pressure rated or non-pressure rated components that cannot be isolated or removed from exposure to test pressure, or where temporary caps or closures are not practical, are not suitable for testing in accordance with this practice.5.4 Leakage Allowance—Leakage is not allowed for butt and electrofusion joints, and restrained gas-tight mechanical joints. See 7.6. Contact the joint, connection or component manufacturer for leakage correction information if leakage occurs at a joint, connection or component having a mechanical seal.5.5 Poisson-Effect Expansion and Contraction—When test pressure is applied to plastic piping systems that have fully restrained joints such as heat fusion, electrofusion, bolted flanges, etc., either reduction of overall pipe length or an increase in longitudinal stress results from diametrical expansion of the pipe. Disjoining (pull-out) of partially restrained or non-restrained connections or joints, such as some in-line mechanical connectors having insufficient resistance to pull-out stress or length reduction, is possible when partially restrained or unrestrained joints are in-line with the fully restrained test section. To prevent Poisson-effect disjoining of partially restrained or non-restrained joints take measures such as installing external joint restraints (diametrical clamps and tie-rods) on in-line partially restrained or non-restrained joints, installing in-line thrust anchors at the ends of fully restrained piping sections to prevent end movement of the fully restrained section, or isolating a fully restrained test section from piping with unrestrained or partially restrained joints.NOTE 3: A tensile stress applied to a material will cause elongation in the direction of the applied stress, and will cause a decrease in dimension at right angles to the direction of the applied stress. The ratio of decrease to elongation is the Poisson ratio. Under test pressure, piping materials will expand slightly in diameter and contract in length slightly according to the Poisson ratio of the material.1.1 This practice provides information on apparatus, safety, pre-test preparation, and procedures for conducting field tests of polyamide-12 (PA12) pressure piping systems after installation using gaseous testing media such as un-odorized inert non-toxic gas or air, and applying pressure to determine if leaks exist in the system (pneumatic leak testing). This practice applies only to testing to discover leakage. Testing for other purposes such as testing to establish operating pressure is beyond the scope of this practice.1.2 Leak testing with pressurized gaseous testing media shall be used only if one or both of the following conditions exists:1.2.1 The piping system is so designed that it cannot be filled with a liquid, or1.2.2 The piping system service cannot tolerate traces of liquid testing media.1.3 Where hydrostatic testing is specified in contract documents or by the authority having jurisdiction, testing using pressurized gaseous testing media (pneumatic) testing shall not be substituted without the express consent and authorization of the authority having jurisdiction.1.4 Some manufacturers prohibit or restrict testing of their products with pressurized gaseous testing media. Contact component manufacturers for information. Where the manufacturer of a test section component prohibits or restricts testing with pressurized gaseous testing media testing in accordance with this practice shall not be used without the express consent and authorization of the authority having jurisdiction and the component manufacturer.NOTE 1: Components that are not suitable for testing with gaseous testing media may not be suitable for service with pressurized gas.1.5 This practice does not address leak testing using pressurized liquids (hydrostatic testing). For field leak testing using pressurized liquids, consult the manufacturer for guidance.1.6 This practice does not apply to leak testing of non-pressure, negative pressure (vacuum), or non-PA12 (polyamide-12) piping systems.1.7 This practice does not apply to fuel gas piping systems that extend from the point of delivery to the appliance connections. For other than undiluted liquefied petroleum gas (LP-Gas) systems, the point of delivery shall be considered to be the outlet of the service meter assembly or the outlet of the service regulator or service shutoff valve where no meter is provided. For undiluted LP-Gas, the point of delivery shall be considered to be the outlet of the final pressure regulator, exclusive of line gas regulators, in the system. This practice does not apply to LP-Gas systems covered under NFPA 58.1.8 This practice is intended for use with PA12 pressure piping that conveys gaseous media under pressure (compressed gas) if the owner or operator or installer of the line does not have an established leak testing procedure that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.1.9 Warning—Failure during a pressurized gaseous testing media leak test can be extremely violent and dangerous because energy that is applied to compress the gaseous testing media and to pressurize the system will both be suddenly released.NOTE 2: To illustrate the violent hazard of failure, assume a 5 HP compressor is used to raise the test section to test pressure and that it takes 1 h to achieve test pressure. If sudden rupture occurs, energy release may occur in 2 s. Therefore, the horsepower of the energy release would be 5 HP × 1 h × 3600 s/h / 2 s = 9000 HP. Further, if diameter is doubled, energy release is four times greater. For an example test section that is twice the diameter, energy release would be 36 000 HP.1.10 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Numbered notes and information in parentheses in the text of the practice are non-mandatory information. Table notes are mandatory information.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, perforations, pipe stiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality of extruded polyethylene, brittleness, bond, and marking of corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings. This specification covers tubularly extruded, spirally laminated, and rotationally molded corrugated polyethylene pipe. Corrugated PE pipe and fittings are intended for underground applications where soil provides support to their flexible walls. Their major use is to collect or convey drainage water, or both. The following tests shall be performed: dimensions and tolerances; pipe stiffness; elongation; pipe stiffness while elongated; joint-separation test; and brittleness.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, perforations, pipe stiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality of extruded polyethylene, brittleness, bond, and marking of corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings. It covers nominal sizes 3 in. [76 mm], 4 in. [102 mm], 5 in. [127 mm] 6 in. [152 mm], 8 in. [203 mm], 10 in. [254 mm], 12 in. [305 mm], 15 in. [381 mm], 18 in. [457 mm], and 24 in. [610 mm].1.2 This specification covers tubularly extruded, spirally laminated, and rotationally molded corrugated polyethylene pipe.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 In the past, ASTM specifications for low-alloy weathering steels, such as Specifications A242/A242M, A588/A588M, A606/A606M Type 4, A709/A709M Grade 50W, HPS 70W, and 100W, A852/A852M, and A871/A871M stated that the atmospheric corrosion resistance of these steels is “approximately two times that of carbon structural steel with copper.” A footnote in the specifications stated that “two times carbon structural steel with copper is equivalent to four times carbon structural steel without copper (Cu 0.02 maximum).” Because such statements relating the corrosion resistance of weathering steels to that of other steels are imprecise and, more importantly, lack significance to the user (1 and 2),4 the present guide was prepared to describe more meaningful methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of weathering steels.5.2 The first method of this guide is intended for use in estimating the expected long-term atmospheric corrosion losses of specific grades of low-alloy steels in various environments, utilizing existing short-term atmospheric corrosion data for these grades of steel.5.3 The second method of this guide is intended for use in estimating the relative atmospheric corrosion resistance of a specific heat of low-alloy steel, based on its chemical composition.5.4 It is important to recognize that the methods presented here are based on calculations made from test data for flat, boldly exposed steel specimens. Atmospheric corrosion rates can be much higher when the weathering steel remains wet for prolonged periods of time, or is heavily contaminated with salt or other corrosive chemicals. Therefore, caution must be exercised in the application of these methods for prediction of long-term performance of actual structures.1.1 This guide presents two methods for estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low-alloy weathering steels, such as those described in Specifications A242/A242M, A588/A588M, A606/A606M Type 4, A709/A709M grades 50W, HPS 70W, and 100W, A852/A852M, and A871/A871M. One method gives an estimate of the long-term thickness loss of a steel at a specific site based on results of short-term tests. The other gives an estimate of relative corrosion resistance based on chemical composition.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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